The menstrual cycle is a roughly monthly rhythm driven by shifting hormones. Understanding its four phases can help you make sense of changes in energy, mood and appetite that may otherwise feel random. This is general information, not medical advice.
Phase 1: Menstruation
The cycle is usually counted from the first day of your period. Levels of estrogen and progesterone are low, which is associated with the shedding of the uterine lining. Many people notice lower energy in these days, though experiences vary widely.
Phase 2: The Follicular Phase
After your period, estrogen begins to rise as the body prepares to release an egg. Some people report feeling more energetic or sociable during this window, although this is not the case for everyone.
Phase 3: Ovulation
Around the middle of the cycle, a surge in hormones triggers the release of an egg. This is the most fertile window. Tracking can help you learn roughly when this tends to happen for you.
Phase 4: The Luteal Phase
In the second half of the cycle, progesterone rises and then falls if pregnancy does not occur. This phase is when some people notice premenstrual changes such as shifts in mood, sleep or appetite.
When to speak to a professional
Cycles differ from person to person, and an occasional irregular cycle can be common. If your cycle changes suddenly, becomes very painful, or you have concerns, it may be worth speaking to a qualified healthcare professional.